變頻器產(chǎn)業(yè)得到飛速發(fā)展,變頻器產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)業(yè)化規(guī)模日趨壯大。交流變頻器自20世紀(jì)60年代問世后,80年代就在工業(yè)化廣泛使用,進(jìn)入90年代,隨著人們節(jié)能環(huán)保意識(shí)的加強(qiáng),變頻器的應(yīng)用越來越普及。
廈門岳航計(jì)算機(jī)工程有限公司
聯(lián)系人:李素云
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變頻器節(jié)能主要表現(xiàn)在風(fēng)機(jī)、水泵的應(yīng)用上。為了保證生產(chǎn)的可靠性,各種生產(chǎn)機(jī)械在設(shè)計(jì)配用動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí),都留有一定的富余量。當(dāng)電機(jī)不能在滿負(fù)荷下運(yùn)行時(shí),除達(dá)到動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)要求外,多余的力矩增加了有功功率的消耗,造成電能的浪費(fèi)。
同時(shí),風(fēng)機(jī)、泵在使用變頻調(diào)速后,可以控制電機(jī)的啟動(dòng)電流,降低電力線路電壓波動(dòng),啟動(dòng)時(shí)需要的功率更低,具有可控的加速功能、運(yùn)行速度和轉(zhuǎn)矩極限,具備減速停車、自由停車、減速停車+直流制動(dòng)等受控的停止方式,能大幅降低能耗,節(jié)約了齒輪箱等機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部件。
3 變頻器在實(shí)驗(yàn)室應(yīng)用時(shí)帶來的問題
隨著出口產(chǎn)品的增長,各地電壓等級(jí)、頻率各異,其它和地區(qū)的工頻以60hz居多,電壓又有400v、415v的區(qū)別,由于對(duì)變頻器技術(shù)的相關(guān)知識(shí)掌握得較少,對(duì)變頻器電氣特性的測定方法掌握得不夠全面,開始我們采用變頻器提供所需的60hz電源,在測試過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)了諸多問題:
(1)風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速和電壓變化。輸出60hz電源時(shí),電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速并不是50hz時(shí)的1.2倍,將輸入側(cè)的電壓調(diào)整為380v時(shí),輸出側(cè)的電壓和輸入測的電壓不同,差異較大。這是因?yàn)樽冾l器是采用逆變技術(shù)的,通用的變頻器都是變頻變壓(vvvf),頻率發(fā)生變化,電壓也會(huì)成正比發(fā)生變化,如圖1所示。
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